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.Butler didnot hesitate to take the initiative and correct his error.Union troops quicklysurrounded the building where the sick men had died, quarantined thearea, and had the furniture and other articles in the interior of the houseburned.For all his efforts, Butler succeeded in preventing yellow fever inNew Orleans during the war.Although Butler and the Union army cleaned up New Orleans, theycould not revive its prosperity.In 1863 a quarter of the population of NewOrleans was on relief.With much of the Louisiana countryside still in thehands of the Confederacy, food supplies to the city were strained.It wouldnot be until the fall of Vicksburg and the reopening of the MississippiRiver for trade that the city s residents witnessed once again hundredsof steamboats unloading goods along the riverfront.Material conditionsquickly improved and the glory of the Crescent City was at least margin-ally restored.SOLDIERS AND CIVILIANS AT VICKSBURGBy late 1862, Union forces controlled most the lower Mississippi as farsouth as Port Hudson, Louisiana, and north from New Orleans to Vicks-burg, Mississippi.But a small stretch remained in Confederate hands toprovide a vital link with the resources and men west of the river.JeffersonDavis and other Confederate leaders had decided that Vicksburg must beheld at all cost to keep the Union armies from controlling the MississippiRiver and splitting the Confederacy in two.In 1860 Vicksburg had 4,500 residents, making it the largest city inMississippi.Although a thriving commercial center, Vicksburg did haveits problems: unpaved streets turned to mud in the rain, hogs and home-less dogs competed with each other to pilfer garbage, and nearly everyhouse suffered from a roach infestation.Although city residents had lit-erally run gamblers and prostitutes out of town in the 1830s, criminalelements still catered to the needs of boatmen along the city s wharves.Like New Orleans and St.Louis, Vicksburg s population was cosmopol-itan; indeed, only a third of its residents were born in the South.Sincethe city sat on bluffs overlooking the Mississippi river and an imposingcourthouse dominated its skyline, the city was more picturesque than itsrivals.However, the leading citizens of Vicksburg had failed to divert thesteamboat and ocean traffic from New Orleans so the town never becamea great inland port, and principally served as a depot for the surroundingcountryside.The majority of the residents of Vicksburg were not immedi-ately for secession in 1860 or early 1861, but when war did break out, theyendorsed the Confederacy.During the first months of the war, life for the citizens of Vicksburg wenton as before.News of Confederate victories in the East fostered hope that Life during the Civil War 131the war would end soon.But the fall of New Orleans to Union forces, theburning of the town of Grand Gulf just to the south of the city, and Con-federate losses in Missouri and Tennessee cast a feeling of dread over thepeople of Vicksburg.The appearance of Farragut s fleet on May 18, 1862, brought the warto the city s doorstep.Confederate artillery units in Vicksburg exchangedfire with Union vessels.Confederate troops and slave labor constructedearthworks around the city and dug artillery onto mudflats and terracesalong the bluffs.Hundreds of citizens fled the city, but most of the popu-lation stayed.On June 25, thirty-five Union vessels bombarded the city,but only one female civilian was killed and all the Confederate batteriesremained unharmed.As the battle continued, civilians were beginning to see the normalrhythms of life change.Railroad service from the east stopped before itreached the city, and passengers and freight had to be brought the rest ofthe way by wagon or foot.Fearing that Union sympathizers might act asspies, Confederate authorities ordered that anyone leaving the city hadto be issued a pass.To protect lines of communication, the post office andtelegraph station were moved out of the city [ Pobierz całość w formacie PDF ]
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.Butler didnot hesitate to take the initiative and correct his error.Union troops quicklysurrounded the building where the sick men had died, quarantined thearea, and had the furniture and other articles in the interior of the houseburned.For all his efforts, Butler succeeded in preventing yellow fever inNew Orleans during the war.Although Butler and the Union army cleaned up New Orleans, theycould not revive its prosperity.In 1863 a quarter of the population of NewOrleans was on relief.With much of the Louisiana countryside still in thehands of the Confederacy, food supplies to the city were strained.It wouldnot be until the fall of Vicksburg and the reopening of the MississippiRiver for trade that the city s residents witnessed once again hundredsof steamboats unloading goods along the riverfront.Material conditionsquickly improved and the glory of the Crescent City was at least margin-ally restored.SOLDIERS AND CIVILIANS AT VICKSBURGBy late 1862, Union forces controlled most the lower Mississippi as farsouth as Port Hudson, Louisiana, and north from New Orleans to Vicks-burg, Mississippi.But a small stretch remained in Confederate hands toprovide a vital link with the resources and men west of the river.JeffersonDavis and other Confederate leaders had decided that Vicksburg must beheld at all cost to keep the Union armies from controlling the MississippiRiver and splitting the Confederacy in two.In 1860 Vicksburg had 4,500 residents, making it the largest city inMississippi.Although a thriving commercial center, Vicksburg did haveits problems: unpaved streets turned to mud in the rain, hogs and home-less dogs competed with each other to pilfer garbage, and nearly everyhouse suffered from a roach infestation.Although city residents had lit-erally run gamblers and prostitutes out of town in the 1830s, criminalelements still catered to the needs of boatmen along the city s wharves.Like New Orleans and St.Louis, Vicksburg s population was cosmopol-itan; indeed, only a third of its residents were born in the South.Sincethe city sat on bluffs overlooking the Mississippi river and an imposingcourthouse dominated its skyline, the city was more picturesque than itsrivals.However, the leading citizens of Vicksburg had failed to divert thesteamboat and ocean traffic from New Orleans so the town never becamea great inland port, and principally served as a depot for the surroundingcountryside.The majority of the residents of Vicksburg were not immedi-ately for secession in 1860 or early 1861, but when war did break out, theyendorsed the Confederacy.During the first months of the war, life for the citizens of Vicksburg wenton as before.News of Confederate victories in the East fostered hope that Life during the Civil War 131the war would end soon.But the fall of New Orleans to Union forces, theburning of the town of Grand Gulf just to the south of the city, and Con-federate losses in Missouri and Tennessee cast a feeling of dread over thepeople of Vicksburg.The appearance of Farragut s fleet on May 18, 1862, brought the warto the city s doorstep.Confederate artillery units in Vicksburg exchangedfire with Union vessels.Confederate troops and slave labor constructedearthworks around the city and dug artillery onto mudflats and terracesalong the bluffs.Hundreds of citizens fled the city, but most of the popu-lation stayed.On June 25, thirty-five Union vessels bombarded the city,but only one female civilian was killed and all the Confederate batteriesremained unharmed.As the battle continued, civilians were beginning to see the normalrhythms of life change.Railroad service from the east stopped before itreached the city, and passengers and freight had to be brought the rest ofthe way by wagon or foot.Fearing that Union sympathizers might act asspies, Confederate authorities ordered that anyone leaving the city hadto be issued a pass.To protect lines of communication, the post office andtelegraph station were moved out of the city [ Pobierz całość w formacie PDF ]