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.565 Once ves- Unschuld,Huang Di nei jing 12/2/02 1:34 PM Page 224224 survey of the contents of the su wensel theory was applied to explain the diseases of the human organism, theterms jueµand jue÷came to be used to designate conditions thought tobe caused by reversely moving qi.Su wen 45 was devoted to a Discourse on Jue in the same way as other Suwen discourses concentrated on lower back pain, limpness, and so on.Twoissues are dealt with in this context; first, why and in which variants the dis-ease emerges and, second, how it manifests itself.Though it is focused on jue, Su wen 45 does not offer a precise definition.A statement closest to such a definition is found in Su wen 5:Jue qi moves upward;it fills the vessels and leaves the physical appearance.566The reason, then, why ancient Chinese writers chose to apply the term jue÷in a medical context is clear.Jue yin, ceasing yin, as pointed out above, de-notes a yin quality, that is, the lowest yin quality.In contrast, the term jue÷,as employed in the context of Su wen 45 and as defined in the statement quotedabove from Su wen 5, denotes a movement of yin or yang qi out of a sectionof the body where it should be present but ceases to be present.Hence in thiscontext of pathological dynamics, I have chosen to translate jue÷as reces-sion. Recession includes notions of withdrawal, of ceding back, that is, of leav-ing a terrain once occupied by oneself to someone else.In this sense, the med-ical term jue÷could be related to the term jue ñ used in the sense of tofall, to suffer a setback, in the Dao de jing version unearthed among theMawangdui manuscripts; the printed version of the Dao de jing that was trans-mitted through the centuries has jue: instead of jue ñ.In Su wen 45, the Discourse on Recession begins with a question fromHuang Di on the nature or causation of two variants of recession, cold re-cession and heat recession.Qi Bo explains that a weakening of the yang qi below, that is, in the feet, causes cold recession, while a weakening of theyin qi below causes heat recession.That is, recession has been abstractedin this context beyond its immediate literal significance.Cold recession orheat recession is not to say that cold withdraws, in the first case, or heat with-draws, in the second.Cold recession is to say that certain body parts, in thiscase the feet, turn cold, because the yang qi that has warmed them has weak-ened.That is, the yang qi has left the feet.The explanation Qi Bo gives later in the text for the etiology of cold re-cession and heat recession is based entirely on the yin-yang doctrine.Bothcold recession and heat recession are consequences of an uneven presenceof yin and yang qi.This uneven presence, in turn, is seen as a result of vi-olent actions, of fighting among yin and yang qi in the organism.An un-becoming behavior of the patient is identified as the primordial causal fac-tor, because overtaxing oneself in autumn and winter, when yang qi is weakanyway, weakens yang qi in its function of pouring into the four extremi- Unschuld,Huang Di nei jing 12/2/02 1:34 PM Page 225survey of the contents of the su wen 225ties and keeping them warm.Yin qi is present instead and causes cold.Simi-larly, to have sexual intercourse while one is drunk or after one has dinedto repletion causes the kidney qi to weaken and accumulates yang qi in thestomach.The kidney qi can no longer provide the four limbs with supplies, the yang qi dominates alone, and it is therefore that the hands and thefeet are hot. 567A withdrawal of yin qi below causes a depletion of yin qi there; at thesame time, the yin qi may abound above.This, Huang Di is informed by QiBo, may lead to abdominal fullness.On the other hand, when yang qi is de-pleted below and abounds above, too much heat confuses the head and this lets a person suddenly be unable to recognize people, a condition fromwhich a patient may recover after half a day or even after a full day.568 Re-cession, we realize here, combines symptoms and ailments that would beattributed to very different etiologies and pathologies in modern Westernmedicine.To be sure, the label malaria may have been applied to ailments that werenot caused by an anopheles bite and would not be diagnosed as malaria to-day.However, if this was the case, it was a diagnostic error in the same waythat physicians today repeatedly mistake a case of malaria for the commoncold.Such diagnostic errors do not negate the fact that the term nüe in an-cient China and the term malaria in Europe were meant to describe oneand the same disease, two millennia ago and now.The Chinese nosologicalconstruct of recession does not mistakenly include symptoms and ailmentsthat would be considered unrelated today.The construct purposely enclosesthese symptoms and ailments, because it interprets all of them alike as be-ing caused by specific outcomes of violent encounters between the two an-tagonistic forces yin and yang qi in the organism [ Pobierz caÅ‚ość w formacie PDF ]
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.565 Once ves- Unschuld,Huang Di nei jing 12/2/02 1:34 PM Page 224224 survey of the contents of the su wensel theory was applied to explain the diseases of the human organism, theterms jueµand jue÷came to be used to designate conditions thought tobe caused by reversely moving qi.Su wen 45 was devoted to a Discourse on Jue in the same way as other Suwen discourses concentrated on lower back pain, limpness, and so on.Twoissues are dealt with in this context; first, why and in which variants the dis-ease emerges and, second, how it manifests itself.Though it is focused on jue, Su wen 45 does not offer a precise definition.A statement closest to such a definition is found in Su wen 5:Jue qi moves upward;it fills the vessels and leaves the physical appearance.566The reason, then, why ancient Chinese writers chose to apply the term jue÷in a medical context is clear.Jue yin, ceasing yin, as pointed out above, de-notes a yin quality, that is, the lowest yin quality.In contrast, the term jue÷,as employed in the context of Su wen 45 and as defined in the statement quotedabove from Su wen 5, denotes a movement of yin or yang qi out of a sectionof the body where it should be present but ceases to be present.Hence in thiscontext of pathological dynamics, I have chosen to translate jue÷as reces-sion. Recession includes notions of withdrawal, of ceding back, that is, of leav-ing a terrain once occupied by oneself to someone else.In this sense, the med-ical term jue÷could be related to the term jue ñ used in the sense of tofall, to suffer a setback, in the Dao de jing version unearthed among theMawangdui manuscripts; the printed version of the Dao de jing that was trans-mitted through the centuries has jue: instead of jue ñ.In Su wen 45, the Discourse on Recession begins with a question fromHuang Di on the nature or causation of two variants of recession, cold re-cession and heat recession.Qi Bo explains that a weakening of the yang qi below, that is, in the feet, causes cold recession, while a weakening of theyin qi below causes heat recession.That is, recession has been abstractedin this context beyond its immediate literal significance.Cold recession orheat recession is not to say that cold withdraws, in the first case, or heat with-draws, in the second.Cold recession is to say that certain body parts, in thiscase the feet, turn cold, because the yang qi that has warmed them has weak-ened.That is, the yang qi has left the feet.The explanation Qi Bo gives later in the text for the etiology of cold re-cession and heat recession is based entirely on the yin-yang doctrine.Bothcold recession and heat recession are consequences of an uneven presenceof yin and yang qi.This uneven presence, in turn, is seen as a result of vi-olent actions, of fighting among yin and yang qi in the organism.An un-becoming behavior of the patient is identified as the primordial causal fac-tor, because overtaxing oneself in autumn and winter, when yang qi is weakanyway, weakens yang qi in its function of pouring into the four extremi- Unschuld,Huang Di nei jing 12/2/02 1:34 PM Page 225survey of the contents of the su wen 225ties and keeping them warm.Yin qi is present instead and causes cold.Simi-larly, to have sexual intercourse while one is drunk or after one has dinedto repletion causes the kidney qi to weaken and accumulates yang qi in thestomach.The kidney qi can no longer provide the four limbs with supplies, the yang qi dominates alone, and it is therefore that the hands and thefeet are hot. 567A withdrawal of yin qi below causes a depletion of yin qi there; at thesame time, the yin qi may abound above.This, Huang Di is informed by QiBo, may lead to abdominal fullness.On the other hand, when yang qi is de-pleted below and abounds above, too much heat confuses the head and this lets a person suddenly be unable to recognize people, a condition fromwhich a patient may recover after half a day or even after a full day.568 Re-cession, we realize here, combines symptoms and ailments that would beattributed to very different etiologies and pathologies in modern Westernmedicine.To be sure, the label malaria may have been applied to ailments that werenot caused by an anopheles bite and would not be diagnosed as malaria to-day.However, if this was the case, it was a diagnostic error in the same waythat physicians today repeatedly mistake a case of malaria for the commoncold.Such diagnostic errors do not negate the fact that the term nüe in an-cient China and the term malaria in Europe were meant to describe oneand the same disease, two millennia ago and now.The Chinese nosologicalconstruct of recession does not mistakenly include symptoms and ailmentsthat would be considered unrelated today.The construct purposely enclosesthese symptoms and ailments, because it interprets all of them alike as be-ing caused by specific outcomes of violent encounters between the two an-tagonistic forces yin and yang qi in the organism [ Pobierz caÅ‚ość w formacie PDF ]