[ Pobierz całość w formacie PDF ]
.TheNF after V group was a still-born operation which formed apatriotic, anti-semitic nationalist movement in revisionist cloth-ing.The ever-alert Board of Deputies of British Jews reactivatedtheir mole who had successfully burrowed into the innermostrecesses of the NL in 1939 in order to infiltrate the organization.In a classic whistle-blowing operation, the Board of Deputiesarranged for Lord Vansittart to make a speech in the House ofLords to condemn the revival of fascism so as to prevent a mergerbetween this group and the BPP, the effect of which was to destroythe organization.24The agent s reports of the meetings of this group, in which hewas part of the small team who negotiated the merger with theBPP, provided much valuable information on the psychology andmood of such organizations.The driving force behind the NF afterV group was A.K.Chesterton.He was not one of those who, inthe euphemistic words of John Beckett at the merger talks, hadbeen held together during the war.Although he was suspect insome quarters because he was not interned it is thought that thiswas because MI5 had intercepted Chesterton s indignant refusalto be recruited by the nazis to broadcast propaganda to Britain in1939.25The group, which was formed in 1944, spent much of its timewatering down Chesterton s original proposals, which were torepresent his basic political position for the rest of his life.Talk ofimpeachment of political leaders who did not put the best interestsof Britain first and guarding against the further extension of Jewishpower and influence were replaced by more euphemistic expres-sions.Many of the original members, like Major-General J.F.C.Fuller, dropped out of the organization, not because they wereagainst its principles but, as Chesterton pointed out, because they23Sunday Times, 30 Mar.1969.24S.Saloman, Now it can be told , p.7, C6/9/2/1, Board of Deputies of British JewsArchive.25Baker, A.K.Chesterton (thesis), p.364, D.L.Baker, Ideology of Obsession (London,1996). NEW WINE FOR OLD BOTTLES212wished to hide behind a barricade of mumbo jumbo.The groupcontained several internees, including H.T.Mills and Ben Greene,the latter merged his English Nationalist Association with thegroup.The BPP negotiating team also numbered several interneesincluding John Beckett, ex-BUF and NSL, Aubrey Lees, ex-NL, andHarold Lockwood, ex-IFL.The NF for V, which was always shortof cash, approached such well-known far right benefactors asGordon Canning and Lane Fox Pitt-Rivers for support.Thesignificance of the group lay in its name; Chesterton was to sug-gest it, plus much of its original programme, as the basis of theNational Front when it was formed in 1967.26The new groups and immigrationThere can be little doubt that fascism would not have survived asa political irritant in Britain after 1945 if those who adoptedrevisionist forms of the pre-war doctrine, or who still saw Hitleras the saviour of European civilization, had not latched on to theproblems created by the influx of new commonwealth immigrantsin the 1950s and 1960s.The actual fascist, nazi or revisionistdoctrines at the core of the various movements since 1945 werelike a political dodo, dead from the outset.Neither Mosley sEurope-a-Nation campaign, the japes and stunts of the League ofEmpire Loyalists (LEL), or Leese s vitriolic anti-semitic venom, hadany political influence whatsoever.In so far as they had anyminimal significance at all it was the role played in the nativistresponse to what was to be called coloured immigration.In the1960s racial populism was to fulfil the same function as the BUF santi-semitic campaign in the East End of London from 1935 8.Itwas to be the UM, the LEL and the political legacy of Arnold Leesewhich were to act as the prototypes of the full range of negativepolitical responses to the issues posed by coloured immigration.Since the Second World War western Europe had attracted amigratory flow of labour to fuel the boom years from 1945 73and to prevent a labour shortage.Britain s experience, with itsimperial past, citizenship rights of Commonwealth immigrants,lower rates of economic growth and nativist resentment over fears26 The National Front.Its formation and progress , pp.1 11. NEW WINE FOR OLD BOTTLES213of economic competition, housing shortages and cultural clashes,produced earlier conflict than elsewhere.In particular, the lack ofcontrols on the flow of new commonwealth immigrants createdhostile feelings.If the net migration to the UK was only 12,000between 1951 and 1961 and negative thereafter, the steadybuild-up of immigrants, mainly from the West Indies, after thearrival of the first shipload in the Empire Windrush in 1948, ledto many social problems in areas where they settled.Numbershad risen from 2,000 a year in 1953 to 136,000 in 1961.27Significant racial violence had occurred in the Nottingham andNotting Hill riots of 1958 and in attacks in Birmingham,Liverpool, Deptford and Camden Town.Cyril Osborne,Conservative MP for Louth, was to galvanise a campaign inParliament, the Conservative party and amongst public opinion toend immigration.In this latter area he was to be aided both by therapid growth of nativist organizations and by the racial populismof UM and the heirs of Arnold Leese.The return to active politics of Sir Oswald Mosley after the warhad an air of theatricality about it which suggested a degree ofstage management behind the spontaneity [ Pobierz całość w formacie PDF ]
zanotowane.pl doc.pisz.pl pdf.pisz.pl przylepto3.keep.pl
.TheNF after V group was a still-born operation which formed apatriotic, anti-semitic nationalist movement in revisionist cloth-ing.The ever-alert Board of Deputies of British Jews reactivatedtheir mole who had successfully burrowed into the innermostrecesses of the NL in 1939 in order to infiltrate the organization.In a classic whistle-blowing operation, the Board of Deputiesarranged for Lord Vansittart to make a speech in the House ofLords to condemn the revival of fascism so as to prevent a mergerbetween this group and the BPP, the effect of which was to destroythe organization.24The agent s reports of the meetings of this group, in which hewas part of the small team who negotiated the merger with theBPP, provided much valuable information on the psychology andmood of such organizations.The driving force behind the NF afterV group was A.K.Chesterton.He was not one of those who, inthe euphemistic words of John Beckett at the merger talks, hadbeen held together during the war.Although he was suspect insome quarters because he was not interned it is thought that thiswas because MI5 had intercepted Chesterton s indignant refusalto be recruited by the nazis to broadcast propaganda to Britain in1939.25The group, which was formed in 1944, spent much of its timewatering down Chesterton s original proposals, which were torepresent his basic political position for the rest of his life.Talk ofimpeachment of political leaders who did not put the best interestsof Britain first and guarding against the further extension of Jewishpower and influence were replaced by more euphemistic expres-sions.Many of the original members, like Major-General J.F.C.Fuller, dropped out of the organization, not because they wereagainst its principles but, as Chesterton pointed out, because they23Sunday Times, 30 Mar.1969.24S.Saloman, Now it can be told , p.7, C6/9/2/1, Board of Deputies of British JewsArchive.25Baker, A.K.Chesterton (thesis), p.364, D.L.Baker, Ideology of Obsession (London,1996). NEW WINE FOR OLD BOTTLES212wished to hide behind a barricade of mumbo jumbo.The groupcontained several internees, including H.T.Mills and Ben Greene,the latter merged his English Nationalist Association with thegroup.The BPP negotiating team also numbered several interneesincluding John Beckett, ex-BUF and NSL, Aubrey Lees, ex-NL, andHarold Lockwood, ex-IFL.The NF for V, which was always shortof cash, approached such well-known far right benefactors asGordon Canning and Lane Fox Pitt-Rivers for support.Thesignificance of the group lay in its name; Chesterton was to sug-gest it, plus much of its original programme, as the basis of theNational Front when it was formed in 1967.26The new groups and immigrationThere can be little doubt that fascism would not have survived asa political irritant in Britain after 1945 if those who adoptedrevisionist forms of the pre-war doctrine, or who still saw Hitleras the saviour of European civilization, had not latched on to theproblems created by the influx of new commonwealth immigrantsin the 1950s and 1960s.The actual fascist, nazi or revisionistdoctrines at the core of the various movements since 1945 werelike a political dodo, dead from the outset.Neither Mosley sEurope-a-Nation campaign, the japes and stunts of the League ofEmpire Loyalists (LEL), or Leese s vitriolic anti-semitic venom, hadany political influence whatsoever.In so far as they had anyminimal significance at all it was the role played in the nativistresponse to what was to be called coloured immigration.In the1960s racial populism was to fulfil the same function as the BUF santi-semitic campaign in the East End of London from 1935 8.Itwas to be the UM, the LEL and the political legacy of Arnold Leesewhich were to act as the prototypes of the full range of negativepolitical responses to the issues posed by coloured immigration.Since the Second World War western Europe had attracted amigratory flow of labour to fuel the boom years from 1945 73and to prevent a labour shortage.Britain s experience, with itsimperial past, citizenship rights of Commonwealth immigrants,lower rates of economic growth and nativist resentment over fears26 The National Front.Its formation and progress , pp.1 11. NEW WINE FOR OLD BOTTLES213of economic competition, housing shortages and cultural clashes,produced earlier conflict than elsewhere.In particular, the lack ofcontrols on the flow of new commonwealth immigrants createdhostile feelings.If the net migration to the UK was only 12,000between 1951 and 1961 and negative thereafter, the steadybuild-up of immigrants, mainly from the West Indies, after thearrival of the first shipload in the Empire Windrush in 1948, ledto many social problems in areas where they settled.Numbershad risen from 2,000 a year in 1953 to 136,000 in 1961.27Significant racial violence had occurred in the Nottingham andNotting Hill riots of 1958 and in attacks in Birmingham,Liverpool, Deptford and Camden Town.Cyril Osborne,Conservative MP for Louth, was to galvanise a campaign inParliament, the Conservative party and amongst public opinion toend immigration.In this latter area he was to be aided both by therapid growth of nativist organizations and by the racial populismof UM and the heirs of Arnold Leese.The return to active politics of Sir Oswald Mosley after the warhad an air of theatricality about it which suggested a degree ofstage management behind the spontaneity [ Pobierz całość w formacie PDF ]