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.Moran did not abandonhis hopes to make a fortune in the fur trade, and in September 1764 he wason his way to Fort Pitt with eighteen horse-loads of goods.He accompaniedBouquet s army to the Tuscarora camp in October 1764, leaving most ofhis goods at Fort Pitt, but by October 21, 1764, he had already sold ninehorse-loads to the army and expected to sell the remainder.At Michilimackinac, many Indians came to sell their furs in the summerof 1765 despite the French lies that the British would kill them as retributionfor Pontiac s Uprising.Several hundred winterers also made their annualtrip to the post after spending the winter in the Indian villages.The Indianshad been deprived of merchandise during the uprising and were sorely inneed.By the end of June 1765 over 700 Indians were at Michilimackinac,most of them from north of Lake Superior.In a very successful exchange,they brought a large quantity of fur and the merchants had a good supplyof merchandise. The New York Traders 113"Around the Great Lakes the Indians relied on the traders for luxury goodsthat were becoming necessities.When they did not have sufficient fur topurchase supplies for the coming year, the merchants extended credit,expecting to be paid in fur the following summer.The Indians seldom broketheir word for fear of cutting off the supply of guns, ammunition, andclothes.Therefore, they were forced to maintain the trust of those traderswho would supply them.The tribes were eager to restore a faith and creditoperation in the exchange of furs when the colonists replaced the French.In September 1761 the Indians across the river from Detroit asked SirWilliam Johnson to grant them credit as the French had done.AlthoughJohnson claimed that he could not force the colonial traders to sell theirgoods on credit and the Indians would have to establish a credit relationship,he finally did instruct the traders to grant credit.In May 1763 Fred Hambuck, an agent of William Edgar of Detroit,reported that a canoe had come in from wintering with very little fur andthe greater part of the goods unsold. The trade is all over here and thereis still a great deal of goods left in this Fort.Other traders being still worse offthan myself having made considerable credits to the Indians last fall andbut few of them paying their debts. Despite these examples of nonpayment,the Indians continued to obtain credit, as a margin could be charged tocover bad debts.The need for supplies and the lure of rum were incentiveenough to bring the Indians back to the posts, and given a minimumof enlightened self-interest among the merchants, the hunters would beobliged to make some payment before obtaining additional merchandise.Some transactions involved not only the Indians but also French inhabit-ants, the army, the Indian Department, and other merchants.One exampleof these complex transactions is a shipment of merchandise brought toDetroit in 1763.Apparently involved, although not specifically mentioned,were Edward Cole, a Detroit merchant who later became the commissaryfor the Indian Department in Illinois; Major Robert Rogers; Cezar Cormick,an Albany trader; and a man named Butler (probably John or Thomas, bothof whom were associated with Johnson).The profit was more than 100percent.Not indicated was who paid for the original cargo, but each ofthe partners shared equally, receiving one-fourth of the net £626.More thanhalf of the goods were sold to the army and the Indian Department, andone-fifth of the cargo was sold to British merchants.Less than a quarterof it was exchanged for pelts, most likely with the French traders in theDetroit areaThe traders from New York were universally disliked, and the colonialtraders in general were not respected by the British army in Canada.In1766 Governor James Murray of Quebec referred to the colonial traders 114 People of the American Frontier"in Canada as 450 contemptible sutlers and traders who were at odds withboth the army and the French inhabitants.Guy Carleton, acting governorof Quebec, echoed the sentiment in 1767, referring to the British and colonialtraders as disbanded soldiers or adventurers in trade who lacked frugality.Many had already left Canada and more would leave within the next fewyears.Johnson referred to the merchants in Quebec and Montreal as dregs, discharged soldiers, and sundry persons from other colonies and Britain.They allied themselves with dishonest French and British agents and heclassified all of them as cheats. Even the merchants in Detroit had a low opinion of the lesser traders in1767.They stated that anyone with £50 New York ($6,300), the cost of acanoe-load of rum, could become a trader.One-third of the trade was carriedon by men of low character who had only rum.As a result, the Indianswere drinking all day instead of hunting for more furs.With fewer fursavailable, the price paid for them in goods increased and made the tradeless profitable for the honest merchants.In 1773 Major Henry Basset at Detroit complained that the traderswere outcasts of all nations and the refuse of mankind.He wished for apolice force that could punish those who cheated the Indians because thearmy had no authority to control the traders.These harsh words were probably justified, and the fur trade in the GreatLakes area was a brutal, competitive business.The French had the advantageof a long history with the Indians.The Pennsylvania traders had the financialbacking of wealthy Philadelphia merchants.The Jews had religious ties withtraders all over the colonies who provided them with information, financialbacking, merchandise at low prices, and an effective marketing network [ Pobierz caÅ‚ość w formacie PDF ]
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.Moran did not abandonhis hopes to make a fortune in the fur trade, and in September 1764 he wason his way to Fort Pitt with eighteen horse-loads of goods.He accompaniedBouquet s army to the Tuscarora camp in October 1764, leaving most ofhis goods at Fort Pitt, but by October 21, 1764, he had already sold ninehorse-loads to the army and expected to sell the remainder.At Michilimackinac, many Indians came to sell their furs in the summerof 1765 despite the French lies that the British would kill them as retributionfor Pontiac s Uprising.Several hundred winterers also made their annualtrip to the post after spending the winter in the Indian villages.The Indianshad been deprived of merchandise during the uprising and were sorely inneed.By the end of June 1765 over 700 Indians were at Michilimackinac,most of them from north of Lake Superior.In a very successful exchange,they brought a large quantity of fur and the merchants had a good supplyof merchandise. The New York Traders 113"Around the Great Lakes the Indians relied on the traders for luxury goodsthat were becoming necessities.When they did not have sufficient fur topurchase supplies for the coming year, the merchants extended credit,expecting to be paid in fur the following summer.The Indians seldom broketheir word for fear of cutting off the supply of guns, ammunition, andclothes.Therefore, they were forced to maintain the trust of those traderswho would supply them.The tribes were eager to restore a faith and creditoperation in the exchange of furs when the colonists replaced the French.In September 1761 the Indians across the river from Detroit asked SirWilliam Johnson to grant them credit as the French had done.AlthoughJohnson claimed that he could not force the colonial traders to sell theirgoods on credit and the Indians would have to establish a credit relationship,he finally did instruct the traders to grant credit.In May 1763 Fred Hambuck, an agent of William Edgar of Detroit,reported that a canoe had come in from wintering with very little fur andthe greater part of the goods unsold. The trade is all over here and thereis still a great deal of goods left in this Fort.Other traders being still worse offthan myself having made considerable credits to the Indians last fall andbut few of them paying their debts. Despite these examples of nonpayment,the Indians continued to obtain credit, as a margin could be charged tocover bad debts.The need for supplies and the lure of rum were incentiveenough to bring the Indians back to the posts, and given a minimumof enlightened self-interest among the merchants, the hunters would beobliged to make some payment before obtaining additional merchandise.Some transactions involved not only the Indians but also French inhabit-ants, the army, the Indian Department, and other merchants.One exampleof these complex transactions is a shipment of merchandise brought toDetroit in 1763.Apparently involved, although not specifically mentioned,were Edward Cole, a Detroit merchant who later became the commissaryfor the Indian Department in Illinois; Major Robert Rogers; Cezar Cormick,an Albany trader; and a man named Butler (probably John or Thomas, bothof whom were associated with Johnson).The profit was more than 100percent.Not indicated was who paid for the original cargo, but each ofthe partners shared equally, receiving one-fourth of the net £626.More thanhalf of the goods were sold to the army and the Indian Department, andone-fifth of the cargo was sold to British merchants.Less than a quarterof it was exchanged for pelts, most likely with the French traders in theDetroit areaThe traders from New York were universally disliked, and the colonialtraders in general were not respected by the British army in Canada.In1766 Governor James Murray of Quebec referred to the colonial traders 114 People of the American Frontier"in Canada as 450 contemptible sutlers and traders who were at odds withboth the army and the French inhabitants.Guy Carleton, acting governorof Quebec, echoed the sentiment in 1767, referring to the British and colonialtraders as disbanded soldiers or adventurers in trade who lacked frugality.Many had already left Canada and more would leave within the next fewyears.Johnson referred to the merchants in Quebec and Montreal as dregs, discharged soldiers, and sundry persons from other colonies and Britain.They allied themselves with dishonest French and British agents and heclassified all of them as cheats. Even the merchants in Detroit had a low opinion of the lesser traders in1767.They stated that anyone with £50 New York ($6,300), the cost of acanoe-load of rum, could become a trader.One-third of the trade was carriedon by men of low character who had only rum.As a result, the Indianswere drinking all day instead of hunting for more furs.With fewer fursavailable, the price paid for them in goods increased and made the tradeless profitable for the honest merchants.In 1773 Major Henry Basset at Detroit complained that the traderswere outcasts of all nations and the refuse of mankind.He wished for apolice force that could punish those who cheated the Indians because thearmy had no authority to control the traders.These harsh words were probably justified, and the fur trade in the GreatLakes area was a brutal, competitive business.The French had the advantageof a long history with the Indians.The Pennsylvania traders had the financialbacking of wealthy Philadelphia merchants.The Jews had religious ties withtraders all over the colonies who provided them with information, financialbacking, merchandise at low prices, and an effective marketing network [ Pobierz caÅ‚ość w formacie PDF ]